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متن رفرنس
برای ساخت گذشته استمراری از فعلهای کمکی was/were به همراه فعل + ing استفاده میکنیم.
برای (I / he / she / it) : was + doing
برای (we / you / they) : were + doing
مثال:
They started at 10:00 and finished at 11:30. So, at 10:30 they were playing tennis.
(آنها ساعت ۱۰ شروع کردند و ۱۱:۳۰ تمام کردند. پس در ساعت ۱۰:۳۰ آنها در حال تنیس بازی کردن بودند.)
وقتی میگوییم “I was doing something”، یعنی در آن زمان خاص در گذشته، من وسط انجام آن کار بودم. کار قبل از آن زمان شروع شده بود اما هنوز تمام نشده بود.
مثال:
This time last year I was living in Hong Kong.
(پارسال این موقع، من در حال زندگی کردن در هنگکنگ بودم.)
I waved to Helen, but she wasn’t looking.
(برای هلن دست تکان دادم، اما او نگاه نمیکرد / حواسش نبود.)
گذشته استمراری: وسط انجام یک کار بودیم (کامل نشده).
گذشته ساده: کار از اول تا آخر انجام شد (کامل شده).
مثال مقایسهای:
We were walking home when I met Dan. (وسط راه رفتن به سمت خانه بودم که دن را دیدم.)
We walked home after the party last night. (دیشب بعد از مهمانی، کل مسیر تا خانه را پیاده رفتیم.)
یکی از مهمترین کاربردهای این زمان، وقتی است که شما در حال انجام کاری بودید (گذشته استمراری)، که ناگهان یک اتفاق دیگر افتاد (گذشته ساده).
معمولاً در این جملات از کلمات when (وقتی که) و while (در حالی که) استفاده میشود.
مثالهای مهم:
Matt phoned (ساده) while we were having (استمراری) dinner.
(در حالی که ما داشتیم شام میخوردیم، مت تماس گرفت.)
It was raining (استمراری) when I got up (ساده).
(وقتی بیدار شدم، باران در حال باریدن بود.)
نکته ظریف: اگر چند کار پشت سر هم انجام شوند، همه را گذشته ساده میآوریم:
I was walking when I saw Dan. So I stopped, and we talked.
(داشتم راه میرفتم که دن را دیدم. پس توقف کردم و حرف زدیم.)
برخی از فعلها (مثل دانستن، خواستن، دوست داشتن) حالت را نشان میدهند نه عمل را. این فعلها معمولاً به شکل استمراری (ing-دار) استفاده نمیشوند، حتی اگر در همان لحظه در حال رخ دادن باشند. در عوض باید از همان گذشته ساده برای آنها استفاده کنید.
فعلهای مهم: know (شناختن/دانستن) ، want (خواستن)
مثال:
We were good friends. We knew each other well. (نگویید we were knowing)
(ما دوستان خوبی بودیم. همدیگر را خوب میشناختیم.)
I was enjoying the party, but Chris wanted to go home. (نگویید was wanting)
(من از مهمانی لذت میبردم، اما کریس میخواست به خانه برود.)
عنوان کارت
پاسخ
6.1 Complete the sentences. Choose from:
(was looking, was wearing, wasn’t listening, weren’t looking, was snowing, was working, were sitting, were you going)
Today Helen is wearing a skirt. Yesterday she was wearing trousers.
‘What did he say?’ ‘I don’t know. I …’
We … at the back of the theatre. We couldn’t hear very well.
This time last year Steve … on a farm.
They didn’t see me. They … in my direction.
The weather was bad. It was very cold and it … .
I saw you in your car. Where … ?
I saw Kate a few minutes ago. She … for you.
6.2 Which goes with which?
When I got to the cafe —> (f) my friends were waiting for me.
We fell asleep —> (…)
Amy learnt Italian —> (…)
Tom didn’t come out with us —> (…)
The car began to make a strange noise —> (…)
The TV was on —> (…)
When I first met Jessica —> (…)
Options:
a. when she was living in Rome.
b. she was working in a clothes shop.
c. when I was driving home.
d. but nobody was watching it.
e. while we were watching a film.
f. my friends were waiting for me.
g. because he wasn’t feeling well.
6.3 Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
1. I saw (see) Sue in town yesterday, but she … (not/see) me. She … (look) the other way.
2. I … (cycle) home yesterday when a man … (step) out into the road in front of me. I … (go) quite fast, but luckily I … (manage) to stop in time, and I … (not/hit) him.
6.4 Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
Jenny was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).
‘What … (you / do) at this time yesterday?’ ‘I was asleep.’
‘… (you / go) out last night?’ ‘No, I was too tired.’
How fast … (you / drive) when the accident … (happen)?
Sam … (take) a picture of me while I … (not / look).
We were in a very difficult position. We … (not / know) what to do, so we … (do) nothing.
I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last … (see) him, he … (try) to find a job.
I … (walk) along the street when suddenly I … (hear) something behind me. Somebody … (follow) me. I was scared and I … (start) to run.
When I was young, I … (want) to be a pilot. Later I … (change) my mind.
Last night I … (drop) a plate when I … (do) the washing up. Fortunately it … (not / break).